Colonialism And Post Colonialism By Ania Loomba - 886 Words

This reflection will discuss the concept of colonialism and post-colonialism, with a particular focus on the impact in planning. Although both concepts are not new, Ania Loomba in her book â€Å"Colonialism and Post Colonialism† provides a more exhaustive research on the regards. She argues that colonialism is the physical occupation of territory whereas post colonialism deals with effect of colonization on culture and societies. She also expanded the concepts including two new terms imperialism and Neo-colonialism. This is not only a semantic discussion but also a way to raise awareness of the (over)simplification that many authors have applied to studies in this field. Despite that there is some recognition that colonialism and post-colonialism is important, Loomba raises some warnings in this regards. Although that most of the countries that were in one point of their history colonized by a western nation are freed now, they are facing a new type of domination: the domination through the economic system. In most of the cases some form of capitalism. Most of the development of the western nation are due to cheap (or free) labor and production factors that were obtained through violence from the colonized nations. Could it possible for US to develop the cotton industry without slavery? Could Spain finance every single war without the Inca’s gold? Could Great Britain that industrialized nation without their colonies? So when These nation complains about the developmentShow MoreRelatedColonialism And Its Effects On The Colonization Of Foreign Lands And Decimating The Existence Of The Host Culture1113 Words   |  5 Pages Colonialism is broad ly defined and universally acknowledged as the process of occupying and gaining control over foreign lands. This process has been associated with the political expansion of countries as well as the immense oppression of indigenous peoples. The main question that guided the research for this literature review is how were European settlers successful in colonizing indigenous lands? This question is instructive as to which methods western colonizers utilized were most effectiveRead MorePost-colonialism in The Hunger Games1957 Words   |  8 PagesShows and televised news events (Blasingame 726). The dystopian world portrayed in the book is rife with Post-colonial themes. There are many opinions about the proper definition of Post-colonialism even going so far as to argue about whether the prefix â€Å"post† should be added to the word Colonialism. For the sake of clarity, I will use the term Post-colonialism as it is broadly defined in Post-colonial Studies: The Key Concepts, à ¢â‚¬Å"the effects of colonization on cultures and societies† (Ashcroft, GriffithsRead More Margaret Atwood’s Alias Grace Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesjournals of a Canadian literary ancestor, and to Canada’s nineteenth century self -image, illustrates what critic Linda Hutcheon has called ‘the use of irony as a powerful subversive rule in the rethinking and redressing of history by both the post-modern and post-colonial artist ‘(131). Atwood’s interest in the Mark’s case was first raised by her work on the journals of Susanna Moodie, a 19th-century emigrant to Canada. In a disparaging memoir entitled Roughing it in the Bush , published in LondonRead MoreThe Postcolonial Of Amitav Ghosh s Novels Let Us Begin3362 Words   |  14 Pagescultural and intellectual interaction between the colonizers and the colonized. 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Instead, it can be understood as living in a society that has its own form of governing, one that is not dependant or in want of satisfying previous colonisers. Like Anthills of theRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1908 Words   |  8 PagesThe Tempest by William Shakespeare was introduced during King James I’s time of power, in 1611. Although it was not then acknowledged as post-colonial work, i t is evident now that post-colonial elements are present throughout the entire play. There are many events that occurred during Shakespeare’s time that are thought to be the inspiration of the play. Henry David Gray, in his essay The Sources of The Tempest said â€Å"it had been Shakespeare’s unvarying custom for many years to dramatize some storyRead MoreHybridity in Arudhati Roys the God of Small Things3718 Words   |  15 Pagesterms such as the post-colonial state, ‘post-colonial’ had a clearly chronological meaning, designating the post-independence period. However, from the late 1970s the term has been used by literary critics to discuss the various cultural effects of colonization. The term has been widely used to signfy the political, linguistic and cultural experience of societies that were former European colonies. In the present age we can say without any shadow of doubt that post colonialism has been primarilyRead MoreThe Idea of Orientalis m Portrayed in James Camerons Avatar3778 Words   |  16 Pagesdealing with the Orient. Thus, hopefully this will be completed as expected and may give contribution in literary research focusing on film analysis. Key words: Orientalism, Oppression, Narrative, Non-Narrative, Orient. Introduction The European colonialism towards almost the whole Eastern regions has caused the cultural dominance of Western. The European tends to see that they are more civilized and advanced than the colonized people. Tyson states that the colonizers saw themselves at the center of

Systems Biology and Computational Modeling - 881 Words

Systems biology integrates computational modelling with experimental techniques in order to better understand the function of living organisms, the regulation of their cellular processes and how these cells react to environmental perturbations [1]. Among the different computational approaches, kinetic modelling gives the most detailed representation of the biological system. These models build on the stoichiometry of the reactions, incorporating the dynamic interactions between different components of the network. The dynamics in kinetic models are driven through ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that represent the internal reaction mechanism as a function of species concentration and parameters. These model parameters play a crucial role in describing the correct dynamics of the model. However, it is only possible to measure a fraction of these kinetic parameters in wet lab experiments due to high cost, difficulty and limitations in current techniques or methods [2]. Therefore these parameters are indirectly determined through computational methods from other measurement quantities, in particular the time course data of metabolite concentrations. However, as biological models are often multi-modal it is not uncommon for traditional parameter estimation methods to become stuck in local optima [3]. In addition, traditional methods tend to perform badly in the presence of high measurement noise. Furthermore most of these methods do not consider any form of modelShow MoreRelatedTheoretical And Conceptual Of Computer Science1528 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyze Research in Theoretical and Conceptual Knowledge in Computer Science Computer Science is not just the study of computer software and computational problems. It comprises the investigation of imitation and natural manifestations. The fundamental studies in this field are: computer system, artificial intelligence, data base system, programming languages, networks, software engineering, human computer interaction, graphs, and bioinformatics and computing theories. Even though, computer programmingRead MoreIdentify Underlying Causes And Theories Of The Field Of Medical Research1563 Words   |  7 Pagesfield. This can range from computational biology, focusing on mathematical methods and computational aspects, to a more dominant and essential roles of theoretical and conceptual knowledge that requires new approaches and methods for analyzing the newly generated data, in the bioinformatics research. 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However, during my postdoctoral work at the Emory University I started working in a completely different topic of developing HIV vaccine trial design and survival analysis. Soon afterwards during the early days of my Assistant Professorship at Georgia State University, I got exposed to an exciting field of research microarray data analysis. I found it to be fascinatingRead MoreAgent Based Modeling And Simulation1980 Words   |  8 PagesAGENT-BASED MODELING AND SIMULATION: DESKTOP ABMS Charles M. Macal Michael J. North *NetLogo is a free ABMS environment (Wilensky 1999) developed at Northwestern University’s Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling (http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/). The NetLogo language uses a modified version of the Logo programming language (Harvey 1997). NetLogo is designed to provide a basic computational laboratory for teaching complex adaptive systems concepts. NetLogo was originallyRead MoreDefinition Of Subjectivity Score And Objectivity Score ( Os )946 Words   |  4 PagesRDF and OWL standards for knowledge integration and the application of network centrality analysis for mining disease genes. One of the important features of this framework is the ability to include multiple data sources and related features for modeling and ranking. RDF provides a very flexible way to integrate several layers of diverse knowledge bases and also provide the much needed scalability to add new ones. Biological networks are context sensitive and this can be easily incorporated intoRead MoreDevelopment Of A Simulation Management System1303 Words   |  6 PagesSummary The main contribution of the proposed research is the development of a Simulation Management System. Simulation models are vital to modern scientific research. These models tend to be extremely complex, often with many sources of uncertainties and numerous factors. 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The proposed work will combine experimental and theoretical techniques to develop and apply queueing theory to synthetic oscillatory, translational, and toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in the model organism E. coli (initial experiments will utilize the background NB00142-43 lacking genomic araC and lacI for studies involving theRead MoreNannomaterials1034 Words   |  5 Pagesmicroscopy, along with computational modeling and simulations, will be implemented to study structure, function, and mechanics of these self-assembled and/or chemically synthesized bioinspired materials and organic-inorganic hybrid architectures. As my research program develops at the interface of biophysics and materials science, I would devote significant efforts to using these self-organized soft nanomaterials for designing biosensors and light-responsive smart ma terials. Computational tools8,9 willRead MoreThe Six Branches Of Chemistry1482 Words   |  6 Pagesproperties. - BIOCHEMISTRY Biochemistry is the study of chemical reactions that take place in living things. It tries to explain them in chemical terms. Biochemical research includes cancer and stem cell biology, infectious disease, and cell membrane and structural biology. It spans molecular biology, genetics, biochemical pharmacology, clinical biochemistry, and agricultural biochemistry. THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY the use of math and computers to understand the principles being observed and chemical behavior

Entrepreneurship & Small Business Management-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management. Answer: Planning, organizing and managing a small business requires different methods and approaches than the large ones (Byrd and Megginson 2013). Small business can be defined as specific amount of annual revenue generating business which is generally independently operated and owned. Often entrepreneurs of small businesses take family enterprises but Kelly Lesters case is different. She developed an idea and implemented it successfully in a fresh business venture. Her business of EasyLunchboxes also aims to provide exceptional service to exceed the competitors in the market. She analyzed, innovated, identified and materialized a fresh product which possesses great potential in the American market. Before coming to the market, she compared and analyzed factors like the demand of the product in the specific geographical market, the competitive pricing, the quality and the availability. Kelly Lester has started the business as a home based start up, which offers lunchboxes, easier to pack lunches for the family. The startup has grown up to be a million dollar business through the marketable products, effective business plan and Kelly Lesters strong leadership. This home based business started from her personal experiences, when she was having trouble packing lunches for her kids (EasyLunchboxes 2017). To solve the problem, she came up with the business idea of Easylunchboxes, which turned her into a successful entrepreneur of a million dollar company. Easylunchboxes manufacture its products from a plastic manufacturing company in China. She experienced that the cost was lesser than what she paid in making that in USA. However she also experienced quality and safety issues initially. There are also issues in shipping the products from China to USA, as it takes lot of time and shipment cost is huge as well. Her company uses a warehouse as a large inventory for the shi pped products. She should consider reshoring the business back to USA. Reshoring is the process of bringing back the manufacturing and reintroducing the product in the owners home country. Chinas labor cost and the shipping cost are rising. A recent survey shows that 21% of 200 manufacturer executives are already reshoring back to USA and 33% are considering it (Crooks 2013). Cheap labor cost has been the asset for China, however USAs hourly earnings in manufacturing has risen 1.6% in 2011 and wage inflation to 20% (Crooks 2013). EasyLunchboxes is a business deals with lower labor cost and higher transport cost, so considering the factors such as increased Chinese wages, weaker dollar and increased USA productivity, Lester should reshore back its manufacturing to USA. When EasyLunchboxes started the business, the internet had not evolved or popularized so much, but now the scenario is changed. There are so many popular social media platforms and so much competition. Choosing an appropriate platform for the companys effective social media marketing is not easy. In this era of fast internet and revolutionized communication, social media marketing plan is necessary for any company to connect to the customers (Tuten and Solomon 2014). A social media marketing plan helps the company to set its objectives and guide ways to achieve those. The primary job is to decide upon a social media platform. In the decision making process, the company must decide how much time it can invest in the media. Every social media platform works in a different way, like Google+ requires quality material or Instagram depends on pictures. Lunchboxs potential customers are working and busy mothers. 67 % of adult Americans women use Facebook, so it can easily be assumed that a large number of American working moms are using the platform as well (Duggan and Brenner 2013). Facebook serves as one of the highest conversion and social traffic source provider. Through the popular platform of Facebook, the people will be aware of the business existence. Before utilizing the social media platform, the company must build its own website with eye pleasing and attractive designs. The webpage must include the companys aim, vision, mission, objective and services, where the customers can contact them to get the services. If the company aims to online business the website can become a transaction hub. While using the social media platform on their page, the company must consider the Click Through rate or CTR as to decide where the icon should be placed (Atkinson, Driesener and Corkindale 2014). They must promote their Facebook page on their website or in mails and website on Facebook. The responsible people for the marketing must set a schedule for updating status or activities on Facebook at certain intervals. They should use the Facebook ads that boost the company posts and activities. The Facebook offers website conversion where EasyLunchboxes can promote certain actions and evaluate the result through tracking pixel. If EasyLunchboxes can develop an app, it can gain more popularity as everyone possesses an android or iPhone these days. While measuring the ta rget customers the company can use Google analytics which will help them to fix retargeting (Jrvinen and Karjaluoto 2015). Photos or images are always attractive. EasyLunchboxes offers wide range of lunchboxes with different colors and those colorful boxes consisting variety of food is destined to attract a huge number of customers. It can take guidance from social media image size chart to get the accurate measurement and cost for each image. The ads must use easy and consumer friendly language. Facebook policies must be remembered while posting something, like only 90 characters can be used in the ad description (Amon 2014). The company can invest into creating a Facebook contest which will attract more number of customers. Finally engagement with the customer is important to grow the attraction and ensure more benefit in the longer run. To build a successful brand name EasyLunchbox must maintain a great understanding and an effective communication across all the sections or departments in the whole of the organizational system. Print, packaging, storing, delivering, online, offline advertising, social media marketing and customer service everything should be in coordination with each other. Process of brand building takes time, but once it is established, it will result in employee efficiency and customer loyalty. Not just that, the word of mouth publicity, increased sales and demands will ensure huge benefit. EasyLunchboxes has defined its target customers as working moms, but just identifying your target consumer is not enough. The company should get details report of their lifestyle and consumer behavior based on the market analysis (East 2014). Creating a brand identity which the desired consumers can relate to is significant. Through a powerful statement it must relate to its target customers. The brand should demonstrates its service offers, key features and benefits and highlight what exceptional it is offering and where exactly that stand taller than the others. EasyLunchboxes point of highlight would be the a unique lunch box which offers safe, time saving , kid friendly and healthy lunch packaging. The tagline and a brand logo could be helpful in the process. It should invest money to enhance the quality of it as it should be exceptional. The voice and tone for the business must be service oriented, informative, friendly and professional. The brand must be promoted through advertising in all kind of promotional platforms from online or offline platforms to face to face customer representation (Aaker and Biel 2013). By maintaining the consistency in the organizational structures and implementing certain business strategies EasyLunchboxes can build a successful business brand. From a mom troubling with her kids school lunch to an entrepreneur and CEO of a million dollar company, Kelly Lester has come a long way. However the possesses great potential grow further, so EasyLunchboxes has still a long way to go. She should consider shifting her products manufacturing to USA to ensure sustainability for the future. In the domain of social media marketing, the scenario has changed a lot since the companys inception. The company has to adapt a lot in order to shine in the competitive market. The designed social media marketing plan can be implemented by the company to achieve their desired goal to become a more successful company and a recognizable brand name in the national and global market. References Aaker, D.A. and Biel, A., 2013.Brand equity advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. Psychology Press. Amon, K.L., Campbell, A.J., Hawke, C. and Steinbeck, K., 2014. Facebook as a recruitment tool for adolescent health research: a systematic review.Academic Pediatrics,14(5), pp.439-447. Atkinson, G., Driesener, C. and Corkindale, D., 2014. Search engine advertisement design effects on click-through rates.Journal of Interactive Advertising,14(1), pp.24-30. Byrd, M. and Megginson, L. (2013).Small business management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Crooks, E. (2013).US manufacturers reshoring from China. [online] Ft.com. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/e14d6cae-249d-11e3-8905-00144feab7de [Accessed 6 Aug. 2017]. Duggan, M. and Brenner, J., 2013.The demographics of social media users, 2012(Vol. 14). Washington, DC: Pew Research Center's Internet American Life Project. East, R., Singh, J., Wright, M. and Vanhuele, M., 2016.Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. EasyLunchboxes. (2017).The EasyLunchboxes Story - EasyLunchboxes. [online] Available at: https://www.easylunchboxes.com/about/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2017]. Jrvinen, J. and Karjaluoto, H., 2015. The use of Web analytics for digital marketing performance measurement.Industrial Marketing Management,50, pp.117-127. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2014.Social media marketing. Sage.

Masao Miyoshi Essay Example

Masao Miyoshi Essay Against the Grain by Masao Miyoshi advocates that the western reader approaches strange foreign texts as acts of self-affirmation to adjust to the cultural distances exhibited by the narrative. Differences are exaggerated to accommodate what is seen as normal and the reader assimilates differences into the hegemony of life cycles present in birth, death, happiness and suffering. In this way the reader is able to neutralize the strangeness of novel text. She describes western reactions to a foreign text, such as Japanese literature, as a way to distance the foreingess from the readers proximity. Further, academics who present themselves as experts of Japanes literature cover up their lack of engagement with a text they do not understand with a flurry of adjectives, such as delicate or incomprehensible. In a similar vein, the admired archetype of the Woman Writer in Japan, Tamura Toshiko used her writing, The Great Divide to look for recognition of female writers in Japan. Sje explores the cultural distances between women and men in general, and of emancipated Japanese women bounded by cultural expectations. Her conceptions of the New Woman highlighted woman as being the other, strange and foreign. Her critique of Japanese patriarchy was later replaced by writing of racism that she witnessed in her travels around the Pacific Rim. Her writings about ideologies of nationalism, race and gender were powerful, though remained largely unread in the west until their dissemination in 1922 by postwar writer Setouchi Harumi. We will write a custom essay sample on Masao Miyoshi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Masao Miyoshi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Masao Miyoshi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Toshiko is notable for being one of the first Japanese female writers to use psychological narrative to explore womens aspirations, sexuality and conceptions of freedom. Her depictions of women challenged popular social conceptions of the time that women were inferior, and had life experiences that were diametrically different to those of Japanese males. Toshikos later writing about nationalism and racism reflected her inward emancipation of Japanese women as she sought to illustrate experiences of social dictates and conventional mortality. Masao Miyoshi Essay Example Masao Miyoshi Essay Against the Grain by Masao Miyoshi advocates that the western reader approaches strange foreign texts as acts of self-affirmation to adjust to the cultural distances exhibited by the narrative. Differences are exaggerated to accommodate what is seen as normal and the reader assimilates differences into the hegemony of life cycles present in birth, death, happiness and suffering. In this way the reader is able to neutralize the strangeness of novel text. She describes western reactions to a foreign text, such as Japanese literature, as a way to distance the foreingess from the readers proximity. Further, academics who present themselves as experts of Japanes literature cover up their lack of engagement with a text they do not understand with a flurry of adjectives, such as delicate or incomprehensible. In a similar vein, the admired archetype of the Woman Writer in Japan, Tamura Toshiko used her writing, The Great Divide to look for recognition of female writers in Japan. Sje explores the cultural distances between women and men in general, and of emancipated Japanese women bounded by cultural expectations. Her conceptions of the New Woman highlighted woman as being the other, strange and foreign. Her critique of Japanese patriarchy was later replaced by writing of racism that she witnessed in her travels around the Pacific Rim. Her writings about ideologies of nationalism, race and gender were powerful, though remained largely unread in the west until their dissemination in 1922 by postwar writer Setouchi Harumi. We will write a custom essay sample on Masao Miyoshi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Masao Miyoshi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Masao Miyoshi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Toshiko is notable for being one of the first Japanese female writers to use psychological narrative to explore womens aspirations, sexuality and conceptions of freedom. Her depictions of women challenged popular social conceptions of the time that women were inferior, and had life experiences that were diametrically different to those of Japanese males. Toshikos later writing about nationalism and racism reflected her inward emancipation of Japanese women as she sought to illustrate experiences of social dictates and conventional mortality.

The Art of the Tattoo Essay Example For Students

The Art of the Tattoo Essay Around the 1990s, a five thousand year old tattooed man, Otzi the Ice Man, was discovered on a mountain between Austria and Italy bearing 57 tattoos; he is the first person known to have markings on his body which has evolved to be known as tattoos. The art of Tattoo has been around for many thousands of years. The styles and reasons for it have varied from individuals as they have from culture, society, or group. Some tattoos were done for simple adornment, as a symbol of a certain group, or for religious beliefs. Tattooing has existed in one form or a another across the globe since before recorded history and the popularity of this unique form of expression will most likely continue for centuries to come. Although the basic concept of tattoo has been a constant throughout the history of mankind the styles and reasons for it have evolved along with mans own evolution. Despite the reasoning behind getting a tattoo there are pros and cons to keep in mind. Initially, there are a few pros to getting a tattoo including self expression, advanced technology, and adornment (depending on how people view it). We will write a custom essay on The Art of the Tattoo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Most of the times, a tattoo is a representation of ones belief, culture, or a simple part of oneself. Everyone has their own way of expressing their unique characteristics and tattoos can be one form of that. Tattoos were very common in the ancient Egypt culture; temporary tattoos known as henna, is also very popular amongst the South Asian culture as an expression of beauty and adornment. Also, with todays advanced technologies and strict regulations, it can be safe to get a tattoo. With newer machines and stricter safety regulations, it is more convenient to get a tattoo now versus getting a tattoo 10 years ago. Before Sam Reilly invented the tattoo machine, ancient cultures used instruments that were painful and unsanitary. Now with medication and quick machines, anyone can get a tattoo and bear the pain easily. On the other hand, along with the pros, getting a tattoo comes with a price. Unfortunately, most of us are sucked into the corruption of society. We care about what society has to say on clothing, appearance, or form of self-expression. Even in todays modern time, people judge based on someone carries themselves. The working environment frowns upon people with tattoos. Whether getting a tattoo is right or wrong, people associate tattoos with negativity. Furthermore, getting a tattoo definitely can be a huge risk on ones health. Not only is it painful, even with the new technology, it can be risky if the tattoo artists do not follow the procedures carefully. Getting a tattoo can put you at risk for contracting a variety of illnesses from a bacterial infection to HIV. Therefore, it is important to make sure, when getting a tattoo, the tattoo artist has proper legal documents proving his profession. Also, tattoos are permanent and though they can be removed, it can be painful and expensive. In conclusion, tattoos may be a symbol of religion and culture, but at the end of the day tattoos can be an irresponsible decision made by young adults and risky. It affects ones possibility to maintain a professional outlook in the workplace and also diminishes ones reputation, regardless of its symbolic meaning or artistry. Though one should not conform to society, the struggle to get a job can influence one to take such measures. Because we, as humans, change our perspectives as we grow older, tattoos tend to be regretted; tattoos can be painful and expensive to remove.

SMC Training and Development Plan

SMC Training and Development Plan Free Online Research Papers SMC will implement a training program for existing employees to accommodate the need of increase in production. At SMC, the initial phase of training is a critical aspect to employee development. As a Human Resource (HR) Director it is our duty to establish a process for employee development to prepare employees help the organization meet its goals. â€Å"The definition of development indicates that it is future oriented. Development implies learning that is not necessarily related to the employee’s current job. Instead, it prepares employees for other positions in the organization and increases their ability to move into jobs that may not yet exist† (Hollenbeck, N, 2003). The HR’s training approach is an instructional design, a process of systematically developing training to meet specified needs. â€Å"The first step will be a needs assessment, which will evaluate the organization, individual employees, and employees’ tasks to determine what kinds of training, if any are necessary† (Hollenbeck, N, 2003). SMC has developed a staffing plan to accommodate the production demand by promoting existing employees to a Team Lead position. â€Å"SMC will be assessing existing employees within the Manufacturing Department by collecting information and providing feedback to employees about there behavior, communication style, and skills† (Hollenbeck, N, 2003). SMC implemented a Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test to assess existing employees that may have Team Leader qualities to fulfill the Team Lead roles for the Manufacturing Department. This will give an opportunity for job growth and promotion to existing employees within the organization boosting employee morale. SMC will hire six Team Leads for the Manufacturing Department, which they will be responsible for training of 30 new temporary employees. They will be responsible and accountable for their team’s production and punctual deliverables. Existing employees will be promoted to Team Leads after the assessment and evaluations of each applicant are reviewed. HR will provide a training program that will establish the objectives of a Team Leader for the Manufacturing Department. By establishing objectives, it provides a basis to measure whether the program succeeded or not. The high output productive employees will be acknowledged first in becoming Team Leads for their Manufacturing Department. By hiring within company, the new Team Leads will already have hands on experience and high output production giving the department an effective training program that could be incorporated with the new hires (temporary employees) in the Manufacturing Department. The Team Lead training will be In-House training. It will be a 3-day training classroom instruction with a contracted trainer lecturing the group of Team Leads. Since all the Team Leads already have experience in the Manufacturing Department as production workers, the emphasis of the training is going to be more on Leadership and managerial skills with a high production environment. The first day trainees will receive information through a variety of presentation methods, from classroom lecture and computer based training. â€Å"The second day will consist of group building, where trainees will share ideas and experiences, build group identity, understand interpersonal relationships, and learn the strengths and weaknesses of themselves and their coworkers† (Hollenbeck, N, 2003). The final day they the trainees will have hands-on training by providing the trainees with interactive simulations of leadership skills and role-play. After the initial training of the new Team Leads HR will evaluate the effectiveness of the training program by administrating evaluations, which will ask specific training related task questions. The Manufacturing Department Supervisor will also observe the Team Leads to see if they demonstrate the desired skills and behavior of a Team Leader. An assessment of satisfaction of the training program by the trainee and supervisor can also evaluate the success of the training program. HR will reinforce the training program by focusing on helping employees improve performance of their current jobs. HR will not only have the initial training for new-hires or new positions but will emphasize on employee development. HR will provide quarterly management classes and career information seminars. Employees will get opportunities to cross train on different departments. By educating and informing upper management and employees of the importance of training and employee development, it will create overall asset employees within the company. Newly Hired Employees One of the challenges that SMC faces with the new hires is training and quick acclimation to company systems and procedures. The goal is to have the new hire become productive as quickly as possible. New employee must go through a process of familiarization with the product, co-workers, the equipment, the operating guidelines and parameters. Because of the increase in demand for SMC products, the company has a need for additional staffing. Regarding the new hires, taking steps to reduce learning curves will quickly optimize performance. This is a critical variable in quickly meeting the increase in demand for our products. There are numerous actions taken by SMC that includes providing operations and standard operating procedures manuals, orientation programs and training activities that assists new hires at quickly adjusting to their duties and tasks. Providing a ready resource for employees to use as a reference in undertaking job tasks, significantly expedites the learning proce ss. This is especially helpful for procedures that are intricate in details and involve multiple activities such as manufacturing, operations and customer service processes. Operations and standard operating procedures manuals at SMC provide step-by-step guidelines for duties and tasks, thus making it easier for our new employees to follow through the process. SMC’s operating procedure manuals also create a uniform method of completing job functions, which is important for building consistency in the performance of tasks and expediting production. SMC’s orientation period consists of 3 business days. The topics that SMC covers during the orientation period involve reviewing company policies and practices, management philosophies and priorities, job requirements and procedures, performance and productivity expectations, help resources and management introductions. A critical component of SMC’s orientation program involves a tour of the facility, allowing each new employee to become familiar with other departments and staff members. This allows all new hires to understand the role of each department and understand how that department works toward accomplishing SMC goals. It is important to give everyone the opportunity to develop his or her skills, knowledge and abilities regardless of prior experience. SMC’s training program takes place over a seven-day period and the trainer is always an SMC subject matter expert (SME) for that particular department. Training enables new employees to enhance the capabilities they initially bring to the company, and develop new skills. Training also serves to prepare new hires to take on additional responsibilities thus providing a foundation for handling new challenges. A major benefit of utilizing training, as a tool for grooming newcomers is that it provides higher comfort levels that boost new hires confidence and motivation levels, which in turn helps the company to be more productive. SMC’s training techniques focus on the needs of the target employee audience, as well as the time, financial and physical constraints of the company. The less experience the new hire has, the more attention is give n towards ensuring the training program is comprehensive. SMC’s training options range from informal on-the-job learning experiences to formal classroom sessions and from simple audiotape and videotape options to CD-ROM solutions and distance learning on-line courses. To help new employees get up to speed quickly, job aids and workplace displays provide access to step-by-step procedures and instructions of important performance activities. Supervisors and Directors Due to the reorganization at SMC to accommodate the increase in product demand, there will be two supervisory positions added to the Manufacturing Department staff. The creation of the two supervisor positions are due to the 30% increase of employees in the department and the creation of a night shift to accommodate the need for growth. Since these positions are new at SMC, there is an immediate need for the creation of job descriptions, as well as, a detail outline of training needs. The needs assessment include introduction to SMC’s corporate policies and procedures, training of HR employment law, hiring and firing practices and guidelines, payroll system operation, scheduling staff hours, and productivity reporting. The supervisors will require intense training and in order to expedite the training period they will receive training together. SMC’s HR Director will organize the supervisor-training program and inform them on the training schedule and implementation. The supervisors training program will be conducted in-house at SMC. Due to limited training resources at SMC; the HR Director prefers to use professional trainers. This method of training will be beneficial at this time because the Director wants to have a high level of assurance that the training program will be effective. This will also satisfy the CEO that the new hires will not put the company at risk since the supervisors will be responsible for HR issues and client deliverables. The HR Director will approach the training through instructional design, which is a process of systematically developing training to meet specified needs. The training program will prepare these employees for future growth within the company, enable SMC to respond to change more readily, reduce turnover, enhance work safety, improve customer service and product design, and meet many other goals of the company. The HR Director will work in conjunction with the outside training vendor SMC will be utilizing to conduct the training. Both supervisors will go through a person analysis, which is a process for determining the individual’s needs and readiness for training. The evaluation provides information on the individual’s knowledge, skill, and ability. Following the person analysis, track analysis will follow. This next process identifies the tasks, knowledge, skills, and behavior that training should emphasis and will assist the HR Director in determining the scope o f the training program. The training program will take place over a five-day period and the Trainer will come to SMC’s office to provide the training. The first day of training will cover the introduction to SMC’s policies and procedures, employment law, along with hiring and firing practices. Testing will take place at the end of the day to reinforce and evaluate the trainees understanding of the material covered. One day two before beginning training on the payroll system, the Trainer will review the results from testing on day one. They will cover topics the Trainer identifies as needing additional clarification. Computer based training will be the basis of the payroll system training. Test data will be set up to allow trainees to have hands on training on the system. Data entry, reporting, and learning how to trouble shoot payroll problems will be part of the agenda for this part of the training program. As in day one, there will be testing at the end of the day and the results reviewed the next morning, before beginning the next topic. Day 4 will cover measuring productivity and preparing reports, this training will measure the trainees’ analytical skill set, an important aspect of the job. Therefore, there will be additional training on this subject after the supervisors have worked two months on the job. Day 5 will include a recap of all topics covered in training; reinforcement of areas the supervisors may need additional training. All-inclusive testing of the materials covered for comprehension and understanding of the subject matter. Trainees will take a survey, which wi ll evaluate the training material, agenda, and the delivery of the instructor. Reinforcement and follow-up will be available by giving the supervisors access to the Trainer and HR Director as needed. After one month on-the-job, the supervisors will attend a weekend workshop to discuss issues that have come up in their first month. This will be a time for the HR Director to measure the progress and the success of the training program. There will be reinforcement training available as needed. The HR Director will schedule bi-yearly workshops to continue reinforcement and provide support to the supervisors. Work Cited Hollenbeck, N (2003). Training Employees and Developing Employees For Future Success. Chapter 7 and 9. The McGraw?Hill Companies, from University of Phoenix, Resources. Retrieved: March 1, 2005 Research Papers on SMC Training and Development PlanResearch Process Part OneThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Hockey Game

Ylindrospermopsin Alkaloids Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ylindrospermopsin Alkaloids - Research Paper Example CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The description of cylindrospermopsin alkaloids is such that they consist of three soluble water toxins that comprise of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) (1), 7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin (7-deoxy-CYN) (2) and also 7-epi-cylindrospermopsin (7-epi-CYN) (3). Researchers have signaled towards certain problems related to the toxicological characteristics of these natural compounds, their existence in water and which was followed by their removal. The structural features of these alkaloids are in fact extraordinary comprising of a sulfonated tricyclic guanidine linked to a uracil ring. The beginning of this analysis centers on the isolation of these innate products followed by the investigation into the environmental impact of cylindrospermopsin alkaloids contamination. (1) Figure 1. The cylindrospermopsin alkaloids of cylindrospermopsin (1),7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin (2) and 7-epi-cylindrospermopsin (3). 1.1 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION Credited to Moore and his team usin g a combination of NMR and mass spetroscopy, the extraction of Cylindrospermopsin (1) took place in 1992 from the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. While 7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin (2) was discovered in 1999, owing to the purification of cylindrospermopsin which was performed on a regular basis. It was also concluded that the derivate of cylindrospermopsin could also exist in the form of a pair of tautomers because of the fact that the uracil ring’s vinylic proton was not identified during the application of the H NMR technique as shown in figure 2. However, as every sample of 7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin (2) was observed the incidence of the uracil group (4) was confirmed by examining the absorbance maximum (?max). Even... Credited to Moore and his team using a combination of NMR and mass spetroscopy, the extraction of Cylindrospermopsin (1) took place in 1992 from the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. While 7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin (2) was discovered in 1999, owing to the purification of cylindrospermopsin which was performed on a regular basis. It was also concluded that the derivate of cylindrospermopsin could also exist in the form of a pair of tautomers because of the fact that the uracil ring’s vinylic proton was not identified during the application of the H NMR technique as shown in figure 2. However, as every sample of 7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin (2) was observed the incidence of the uracil group (4) was confirmed by examining the absorbance maximum (ÃŽ »max). Even though, the measurement of approximate quantity was not possible, it was evident that as a mixture of compounds the natural material indeed existed. The discovery of the 7-epi-cylindrospermopsin took place in 20 02 and it was originally established that it was synthesized with Aphanizomenon ovalisporum. The approximation of cylindrospermopsin’s relative stereochemistry was made by considering the unusualtautomer enol presence of the uracil D ring. To explain the concept, uracil D as described in structure 6 is a intramolecularly hydrogen linked to a nitrogen terminus of the guanidine group. The NMR evidence was made to be the basis of the product correlation which understandably led the research participants to conclude that structure 7 was the most appropriate and relevant description of cylindrospermopsin (1).